The European Central Bank is expected to cut its deposit rate twice more this year, in September and December, according to a significant majority of economists. These predictions come despite the improving business activity and strong wage data, which have raised uncertainties around the rationale for more cuts. The risks, however, are skewed towards fewer rate cuts than expected, as stated by a near-90% majority of economists.
In an interview with Reuters, ECB Chief Economist Philip Lane indicated that there is no “acute urgency” to lower interest rates if the economy continues to expand. This statement contradicts the expectations of a strong majority of economists who anticipate two more rate cuts this year, taking the deposit rate to 3.25%. The comment seems to suggest that the ECB may take a more cautious approach to rate cuts, depending on the economic performance.
Financial markets, originally priced for one more rate cut this year, have now begun pricing in two reductions, mainly due to the recent turmoil in French bond markets. ECB President Christine Lagarde has reiterated the bank’s commitment to depend on economic data to guide policy decisions. This forward guidance, however, is being questioned, as the ECB had already telegraphed the rate cut well in advance, possibly undermining the element of surprise in future policy moves.
Inflation in the Eurozone rose to 2.6% last month, slightly above the ECB’s 2% target. Despite this, economists predict that inflation will not reach target levels until Q2 2025, indicating a prolonged period of below-target inflation. External factors, such as fewer rate cuts from the U.S. Federal Reserve, could also impact the ECB’s policy decisions. A stronger U.S. dollar against the euro, coupled with imported inflation, could further complicate the ECB’s monetary policy outlook.
The eurozone economy, which grew by 0.3% last quarter, is expected to average 0.7% expansion this year and 1.4% next year. These projections are broadly unchanged from previous polls, indicating a steady but moderate growth trajectory for the region. However, uncertainties surrounding trade tensions, Brexit, and global economic slowdowns could potentially impact these growth estimates, creating additional challenges for the ECB in setting monetary policy.
Overall, the predictions and uncertainties surrounding the European Central Bank’s rate cuts reflect a complex economic environment characterized by diverging data, market expectations, and external factors. The ECB’s cautious approach to monetary policy, combined with the need to address below-target inflation and support economic growth, will require careful consideration and possibly more nuanced policy responses in the coming months.